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The Unwired World of GSM/GPRS, UMTS & CDMA
This comprehensive seminar goes through the Architecture and Procedures of a
Modern Cellular Network. It covers RF Access aspects, as well as the Circuit &
Packet Core Network aspects, and Value-Added-Services. A Leading Motive of the
seminar is comparing between TDMA, GSM/GPRS, and CDMA2000 1X & UMTS technologies
– specifying the similarities, the differences, and the meaning of the
evolution. Examples for such topics include frequency reuse in GSM, detailed
IS95 end-to-end example, call delivery & handoffs in IS41 versus MAP networks,
GPRS/UMTS versus 1X network structure, UMTS evolution phases and much more.
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- Cellular Evolution
- Cellular evolution along the years
- 1G, 2G, 2.5G & 3G technologies evolution paths & main technologies.
- Cellular “buzzwords” – protocols, standards, multiple-access techniques,
generations, etc.
- 3G challenges
- UMTS path versus CDMA2000 path – technologies, advantages & disadvantages.
- Main network subsystems
- Core vs. Access protocols
- The Wireless Access Network
- Dividing the area into cells
- Base Station components
- Control & Traffic Channels - examples from IS95, CDMA2000, GSM & UMTS
- BTS typical characteristics (power, coverage, capacity)
- Global frequency allocation
- Frequency reuse in Time Division based networks (e.g. GSM)
- Frequency reuse in CDMA networks.
- Common cell types – Omni, Sectored, Tiered “breathing”, Micro cell
- Traffic Handling in the RF Channel
- Typical Radio chain
- Source encode- Vocoder vs PCM
- Channel encode –Error Protection (CRC, Convolutional coding, Interleaving)
- Channel modulation – Analogue (AM, FM) vs. Digital (QPSK/O-QPSK, 8PSK, QAM)
- Channel multiplexing - FDMA, TDMA & CDMA - channel structure in
three-dimensional space
- CDMA Orthogonal Codes – detailed calculation example of spreading & dispreading
- Orthogonality between Cells - IS95 CDMA versus UMTS
- CDMA end-to-end traffic channel example
- Connecting the Base Stations to a Cellular Switch
- Connecting to the MSC
- Switch Roles – Wireline vs. MSC (HLR & VLR, call routing, call switching,
billing recording, the “Anchor” switch concept)
- The Base Station Subsystem Architecture – BSC, PCU & TRAU (GSM vs. CDMA)
- IWF concept
- TRAU concept – voice vs. data call.
- Switch Architecture Block Diagram
- Cellular Networks Architecture
- The Cellular Network 4-level model.
- The Calls Level
- The Call-Setup level - why, how, CAS vs CCS. STP and Signaling links, ISUP msg
flow example.
- SS#7 concept (with a reference to OSI-7 layers)- MTP level, the various
applications, the role of TCAP & SCCP, Global Title Translation & Subsystem
Numbering.
- Mobility management (MAP and IS41 networks) within the network and between
networks – HLR, VLR, AuC & EIR roles
- The value added services (& network management) tier - SMS, VMS & IN.
- HLR & VLR roles & content per subscriber. (MAP vs IS41 networks)
- Authentication / Real-time Fraud Prevention and Voice Encryption- the GSM case.
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- Mobile Station Numbering (in the GSM-MAP world)
- Distinguish between mobile equipment and user identity.
- SIM main content.
- Fixed numbering – MSISDN, IMSI & IMEI
- Temporary numbering – TMSI, MSRN & HORN
- E-164 versus E-212 formatting.
- Cellular Processes
- Registration & location update
- HLR-VLR interaction using GTT (E212-E214 addressing model)
- Call origination
- Mobile paging
- Registration / Paging Balance Conflict – The LA concept
- Call reception
- Roaming – how, what prerequisites, comparing between technologies.
- Authentication and Data Encryption across networks/operators
- Call delivery to a distant switch/network (using GMSC & temporary TLDN/MSRN)
- SMS Delivery
- Call continuation through handoff / handover in the RF and switching levels-
including the Anchor switch concept.
- Adding the Packet Data branch to the network (“2.5G”)
- The evolving demand for data and value-added services
- Packet vs. Circuit Switching - The operators’ conflicts
- Cellular Data Services Development – All new services and capabilities in brief.
- GPRS vs CDMA2000 1X capabilities.
- Adding a GPRS branch to a GSM network.
- Adding a packet data branch to a CDMA-1X network.
- Example: GPRS integration with the operator’s LAN.
- GPRS subscriber states.
- GPRS main procedures.
- Evolving the Network Architecture to 3G
- 3G standardization bodies & main technologies
- CDMA2000 EVDO main characteristics
- UMTS Release 99 architecture
- UTRAN architecture & main elements.
- UMTS Release 4 architecture
- MSC switch versus Call Server & Media Gateway
- UMTS Release 5 architecture – IP Multimedia Subsystem
- SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) – IETF vs. 3GPP, architecture and basic
message flows, IMS building blocks
- Conclusion
- Glossary
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- This seminar provides a comprehensive view of the modern cellular
telecommunication world and is oriented to any technical person involved in the
Telecommunication field – either as a service provider, value-added services
developer, regulator and more.
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